Thu, H. N. & Wehn, U. Data Exchange in International Cross-Border Contexts: The Vietnamese Perspective on Data Exchange in the Lower Mekong Basin. J. Hydrol. 536, 351-364 doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.02.035 (2016). The water of the Indus is fed by retreating glaciers. ”This makes the Indus basin vulnerable to the vagaries of climate change. The availability of water in the Indus will be affected,” Pandit said. Elmusa, S. The Israeli-Jordanian water agreement: model or exception? J. Palest.
Stallion. 24, 63–73 (1995). The method of conflict resolution defined in the organizational chart is followed by all major treaties in the world, including (a) inland navigation between Pakistan and India on the Indus; (b) Canada-United States Boundary Waters Treaty on the Columbia River; (c) The Israeli-Jordanian peace treaty on the Yarmouk and Jordan rivers; and (d) The Sudano-Egypt Nile Convention on the Use of the Waters of the Nile. Contracts (a) and (b) are negotiated and arbitrated by the World Bank and the International Joint Commissioner (JIT), who automatically mediate in the event of a deadlock between the coasts. The IJC between the United States and Canada is a permanent body (or watershed organization) established by the Treaty, composed of representatives of the contracting member states of the United States and Canada. From a structural point of view, it can be argued that the IJC is comparable to the Indus Standing Committee on Water (CPP). However, it turns out that the IJC`s role in resolving water-related conflicts is much stronger than PWC`s because of its functional neutrality.19 Political institutions in both countries enjoy great trust in each other. This is perhaps the main reason why it is easier to achieve institutional neutrality in the region, even if experts from both countries are the only components of the forum.
On the contrary, given the serious hostility between Pakistan and India, the NOC has become virtually ineffective and water disputes are still referred to the international guarantor.20,21 Therefore, CBP is not operationally comparable to the IJC. While making our case for the creation of the TF, we place greater emphasis on the role of such an organization in building trust among residents by institutionalizing regular and repeated contacts and exchanges. The long-term resolution of transboundary water-related conflicts ultimately relies on mutual trust and cooperation.43 Given the accelerated ecological degradation of river basins, the threats associated with climate change can only be effectively addressed if banks work together on an unprecedented scale.30 Without cooperation, there will only remain a dream to tackle a natural problem unknown to any border: in a world clearly divided on the basis of political ideologies. Such regional coalitions are all the more important because: (1) data alone may not eliminate all risks, ambiguities and uncertainties, and (2) given that model predictions of climate change impacts on many river basins are unclear and point in different directions, the analysis of data from a possible TF may not soon normalize these impact projections at temporal and geographic scales useful to Decision makers. Compared to the previous dispute resolution structure in inland navigation, the proposed forum offers a wide range of commitments to confidence-building measures at different levels. Measures such as routine data exchange and the participation of scientists and researchers in the process not only strengthen the knowledge base, but also improve the interaction between the parties, on which trust and cooperation can be built. The roles of the TF that are appropriate and applicable for establishing direct contacts between the parties are as follows: In this sense, the proposed hierarchical TF will address the above issues by ensuring the legal support of this understanding. For example, signatories should be required by law to share river data with the international supervisory authority, which will have the power to share it with other neighbours. The shared data is then analyzed by the research departments of the riparian states using mutually agreed and generally accepted methods for different flow variables under climate change. The exchange of data will not only contribute to developing an accurate global picture of the impact of climate change on the water resources of a transboundary river basin, but will also increase the productivity of scientific research. The latter can play a crucial role in mobilizing society, which must ultimately act responsibly to avert impending catastrophe. Although the overwhelming majority of climate scientists agree that human activities are primarily responsible for climate change, a significant portion of the public, as well as legislators, even in the most developed countries, disagree with this narrative.66 If the general public is not educated and involved in watershed management, the era of denial of scientific truth will not be over.
be. The involvement of the scientific community will lead to the publication of the results, leading to public awareness. This aspect is perhaps least served by the current method of conflict resolution, in which the bureaucracies involved in dialogue tend to serve their own political interests. With the participation of science in decision-making, the sustainability of the river basin becomes the main goal that goes beyond illogical and ambitious political rhetoric. .
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